The seed production plot must be selected carefully. Bitter gourd extracts possess antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiviral, antihepatotoxic. Parmar university of horticulture and forestry, nauni, solan, hp during the year 2012 using cultivar solan hara. It is used to treat diabetes, promote menstruation, expel intestinal gas, fever, hepatitis and measles. Cucurbit seed production botanical classification botanical classification of commonly cultivated species of cucurbitaceae. Basic structure of momordicine, the primary bitter compound of bitter gourd. A compound known as charantin present in the bitter gourd is used in the treatment of diabetes to. The crop is cultivated over an area of 26,004 hectares in india with a production of 1. Rich in fe and vitamin c summer and rainy season crop popular for its tender fruits 3. North carolina state university began a breeding program on luffa loofah sponge gourd luffa aegyptiaca or luffa cylindrica in 1993. Use 200 gauge poly bags of 10 cm diameter x 10 cm height for sowing the seeds. Origin, area, produc tion, varieties, package of practices fo r bitter gourd syn. Coordinator rra seed node chennai, december 20 about this book this publication describes the procedures involved in the production of quality seeds of 15 vegetables. Seed production technology of vegetables authors dr.
Directing for higher seed production in vegetables intechopen. Effect of seed soaking on seed germination and growth of. Bitter melon is a longseason, highhumidity and warmclimate vine plant and needs to grow along supports. In the konkan region of maharashtra, salt is added to finely chopped bitter gourd, known as karle in marathi, and then it is squeezed, removing its bitter juice to some extent. Bitter melon momordica charantia, also known as bitter gourd, is an oddlooking, cucumbershaped melon that is native to asia. It may fail or take a long time to germiante if the soil temperature is too low. Bitter gourd tolerates a wide range of soils but prefers a welldrained sandy loam soil that is rich in organic matter. Bitter melon bitter gourd, balsam pear, ku gua, foo gwah. Karela bitter gourd is an important vegetable in south indian states, particularly in kerala and is grown for its immature tuberculate fruits which have a unique bitter taste. Pdf hybrid seed production technology of bitter gourd.
The objectives of the program are to expand our knowledge of luffa genetics and breeding, collect and evaluate luffa germplasm from around the world, and develop improved cultivars and breeding lines of luffa sponge gourd for use in north. It is the edible part of the plant momordica charantia, which is a vine of the cucurbitaceae family and is considered the most bitter among all fruits and vegetables. Other cucurbits bitter gourd, bottle gourd, ridge gourd, sponge gourd, snake. Considered one of the most nutritious gourds, the plant has medicinal properties. Seed yield and quality as influenced by growing conditions in hybrid seed production of bitter gourd momordica charantia l. Bitter gourd seeds suppliers, exporters and manufacturers. Bitter gourd momordica charantia is an important vegetable crop and is grown for its immature tuberculate fruits which have a unique bitter taste. Bitter melon and diabetes effect on blood glucose levels. Fruits are used after cooking and delicious preparations are made after stuffing and frying. A compound known as charantin present in the bitter gourd is used in the treatment of diabetes to lower blood sugar levels.
Transplant about 15 days old seedlings to the main field. Seeds continue to mature inside the gourd even after harvest. The following information is all about growing bitter gourd. The field selected for seed production must not have been sown with bitter gourd in the previous season. Bitter gourd momordica charantia ridge gourd ribbed gourd luffa acutangula 15 cucumber cucumis sativus 17. As suggested by its name, this melon has a very bitter flavor and is not consumed in the same way as more common melons, but is cooked or pickled instead. It is widely distributed in china, malaysia, india and tropical africa. A case s tudy international journal of agricultural.
A case s tudy international journal of agricultural sciences. The seed of bitter gourd bears hard seed coat which cause delayed emergence due to slow absorption of water. Since bitter gourd is a heavy consumer of nutrients, the soil is depleted on the second year and thus needs soil amendments. Improved cultivation of bitter gourd popular kheti. Biological activities the different parts of the karela contain following various biological activities. There is some debate as to whether varieties remain true. Set the bitter melon seed in the center of the pot, then cover it with a 12 inch. Moreover, bitter gourd fruits are particularly rich in vitamin c.
Pdf effect of plant growth regulators on sex expression. Cucurbitaceae gourd family common name or representative type scientific name horticultural group wax gourd white pumpkin, ash gourd benincasa hispida watermelon citrullus lanatus. Abstract the present investigations studies on seed priming in bitter gourd momordica charantia l. The seed that is sorted, washed and stored in a cool, dry spot, will remain viable for 23 years. Saini adds that the juice also acts as a blood purifier. The young shoots and leaves of the plant may be eaten as greens, and are not particularly bitter. To treat dandruff, you can make a hair mask with bitter gourd juice, cumin seed paste and a tablespoon of lime juice. Plant the crop once every two years in the same area. If you have the space you can start seeds in a greenhouse and transplant. In bittergourd, one or two manual weeding is necessary before the flowering stage. How long does it take for a bitter melon seed to sprout. It is often used in chinese cooking for its bitter flavour. Land should be ploughed 2 or 3 times to make the soil finetilth and remove any weeds from previous crops. Bitter melon is a subtropical and tropical vine of the family of cucurbitaceae.
Major phytochemicals in bitter gourd momordica chamntio l. Effect of plant growth regulators on sex expression, fruit setting, seed yield and quality in the parental lines for hybrid seed production in bitter gourd momordica charantia. Bitter melon, also known as bitter gourd or karela in india, is a unique vegetablefruit that can be used as food or medicine. Fruit purchased from grocery stores may not sprout. Bitter melon can be grown in tennessee both greenhouse and field, seeds can be directly started in the soil in late spring early summer.
In bitter gourd, seedlings are transplanted directly to field but direct seeding is the most common production practice. Bitter gourd, also called bitter melon, has an acquired taste. Ampalaya farmer uses organic input to boost his production usually has a modest harvest decided to use an organic foliar fertilizer. Pdf on jan 1, 2014, nagamani sandra and others published hybrid seed production technology of bitter gourd find, read and cite all the.
In order to study the effect of seed soaking on seed germination and growth of bitter gourd cultivars an experiment was conducted at vegetable research farm singri, bhimber azad kashmir, during march, 2012. Oct 03, 2019 only the tumana or the fertile hillyupland areas are being planted with bitter gourd, hence, production is limited. Effect of seed priming on bitter gourd with different sources. Pusa hybrid1 during summer season because under open field condition the seed yield and seed quality of bitter gourd drastically reduced due to viral. However, now it is considered of indomalayan origin. Vegetable production technology tomato and bitter gourd relay cropping.
According 10 zeven and zhukovsky 1975 the origin of bitter gourd remains unidentified. Bitter gourd is a fast growing warm seasonal climbing annual, native to south asia. Of all the vegetables found in the kitchen, bitter gourd stands as a different vegetable. Bitter gourd farming information guide asia farming. Seed rate depends on the variety grown and generally on an average 5 to 6 kg of seeds are required for 1 hectare land. Some vines should be left in the field to produce gourds for seed. For leaf or shoot production, irrigate twice a week for faster shoot development, and to. Bitter gourd is vegetable with immense health benefits due to the presence of medicinal compounds such as charatin, vicine, and polypeptidep, which play an essential role in lessening the blood glucose levels. Advances in seed production methodology in bitter gourd, ridge. Bitter gourd 6 4 10 pumpkin 8 8 cucumber 3 3 6 ridge gourd 3 2 5 bottle gourd 8 5 12 sponge gourd 6 6 ash gourd 5 2 7 total 273 141 47 461 bs. A fertile and healthy seed plot will certainly produce quality seed. Sep 21, 2017 bitter melon momordica charantia, also known as bitter gourd, is an oddlooking, cucumbershaped melon that is native to asia. Bitter gourd, which is known in the philippines as ampalaya, is an annual plant that is native in this country. The botanical taxonomy and morphology and reproductive biology, horticultural climate and soil, culture, sex expression and modification, harvest, seed production and pests and diseases and breeding aspects genetic variation and germplasm development, inheritance, character association, goals and cultivar development, breeding methods and.
The techniques involved in the certified and foundation stages of seed production from seed selection to storage including the quality standards and. Dok hybrid bitter gourd long chiang shin joker the seed is the viviparous fruit itself. The objectives of the program are to expand our knowledge of luffa genetics and breeding, collect and evaluate luffa germplasm from around the world, and develop improved cultivars and breeding lines of luffa sponge gourd for use in north carolina, the u. Health benefits of bitter gourd karela powder karela momordica charantia has many names. In english speaking countries, its known as bitter gourd, bitter squash or bitter melon. It is one of the popular vegetables grown in southeast asia and it is native to china and india regions. Bitter melon or bitter gourd is tropical and subtropical climber of the family cucurbitaceae. Growing bitter gourd a beginners guide kisan central. Bitter melonan asian vegetable expanding in florida. Breeding of bittergourd floral biology and breeding methods 2 3.
Seeds in size 8mm, long compressed, corrugate on the margin, sculptured on both faces3. Alluvial soil along the river beds is also good for production of bitter gourds. Studies in vitro on sex expression revealed that ethephon induced femaleness by increasing the size of pistillate buds. Get here listings of karela seeds, bitter gourd seeds suppliers, exporters and manufacturers. The original home of bitter gourd is not known except that it is a native of the tropics. Three cultivars of bitter gourd faisalabad long, jaunpuri and palee were soaked in water for various soaking. Prabhakar singh associate professor department of horticulture. At present date, the seed production of the bitter gourd crop is dominated by locally available open pollinated varieties and hybrids. The plant is grown mainly for the immature fruits although the young leaves and tips are edible. Land preparation, seed rate, spacing and plantation in bitter gourd farming.
Water management bitter gourd is a floodtolerant crop. Here different mechanisms for seed production in vegetable crops has been. In hindi hello friends,welcome to asks garden today i will show you how to grow bitter gourd from seed. This melon is also known as bitter gourd, bitter squash, goya melon, karela, and balsam pear stephens 2012. Effect of seed priming on bitter gourd with different. Medicinal properties bitter gourd has been used for centuries in the ancient traditional medicine of india, china, africa, and latin america. Bottle gourd farming, planting, care, harvesting lauki. For leaf or shoot production, irrigate twice a week for faster shoot. Bottle gourd seeds should be treated with pseudomonas fluorescens 10 grams or trichoderma viride 4 grams or carbendazim 2 gramskg of seeds before sowing. Seeds from underripe bitter melons will not sprout. The fruits of bitter melon are utilized as vegetable where as the whole plant parts like, fruits, leaves, roots and seeds of bitter melon as medicine. It is widely grown in south asia and southeast asia, as well as in china and the caribbean. Selection of land for quality seed production the selection of land is the first and foremost task for a seed producer.
After frying this with different spices, the less bitter and crispy preparation is served with grated coconut. Hybrid bitter gourd seed production is highly labour intensive activity where labour cost forms significant proportion of the total cost of production. These bitter gourd seeds offered by indian exporting companies are high in demand. It is used as a treatment for atherosclerosis and diabetes. Hybrid smooth beauty hybrid asia short mokwa smooth boy hybrid india long mokwa long seven star long. Quality seedling production bitter gourd is a direct sown vegetable but polythene bag nursery is more advantageous to get early marketing and to avoid more gap filling. Balsam pear bitter cucumber bitter melon 2n2x22 grown for its nutritive value and medicinal propeties. Applying bitter gourd juice regularly to your scalp can decrease hair loss.
Pdf seed yield and quality as influenced by growing. Bitter melon seed has hard skin and needs warmmoist soil conditions during germination. Pdf seed yield and quality as influenced by growing conditions in. Suggested cultural practices for bitter gourd by m.